如果 Big Bang 在 138 亿年前,太阳在 46 亿年前——那中间这 92 亿年宇宙在干什么?
💡 第一代恒星生生灭灭。Big Bang 后约 1 亿年,第一批恒星诞生;它们寿命短,爆炸后产生了更重的元素(碳、氧、铁),这些元素再聚集成下一代恒星和行星。我们的太阳是大概第三代恒星——所以地球上的金属和我们身体里的元素,其实都来自"已经死掉的古老恒星"。"We are made of star dust"(我们是星尘做的)就是这个意思。
⚠️ 顺序题陷阱:太阳(Sun)先,地球(Earth)后。太阳要先存在,引力中心才有,行星才能围着它形成。考试问"哪个先",答 Sun first, then Earth。
✅ 学完小检查(3 题)
1. 我能解释 Gravity 在行星形成中的作用(用 "rocks merge" 这个词)
2. 我能说出太阳和地球的诞生年代(5–4.6 billion / 4.6 billion)
3. 我能判断"太阳先还是地球先"
💡 课件原句中英对照。
📄 课件 · 5–4.6 Billion Years ago
Our Sun is born!
我们的太阳诞生了!
4.6 billion years ago our sun is formed.
46 亿年前,我们的太阳形成。
📄 课件 · 行星形成
Gravity causes rocks to merge and form planets.
引力(gravity)使岩石合并,形成行星。
One of these is Earth.
其中之一就是地球。
4.5 billion years ago gravity pulls rocks together to form planets. One of these is our Earth.
✅ 满分示范:"The Big Bang happened 13.8 billion years ago."
🌍 题型 2:Describe 描述题(地球形成)
例题:Describe how Earth was formed.
怎么答 · 3 步:
2-3 步讲清楚机制
用专有名词(gravity, rocks, planets, Earth)
用顺序词(first, then, finally)
✅ 满分示范:"Gravity caused rocks to merge, forming planets. One of these was Earth."
❓ 题型 3:Explain why 解释题
例题:Why did oceans form after volcanoes, not before?
怎么答 · 3 步:
开头用 "because"
讲因果链:A 必须先发生,才能 B
用关键词:crust / cool / water vapour / condense
✅ 满分示范:"Oceans formed after volcanoes because the crust had to cool first before water vapour could condense into liquid water."
🔢 题型 4:Sequence 排序题
例题:Put these events in order: Sun, Earth, Big Bang, Moon, Volcanoes, Oceans, Living Cells.
怎么答 · 3 步:
用 → 箭头连接(不要写一长串句子)
从最早到最晚
记 PPT 第 12 页的 8 步骨架
✅ 满分示范:"Big Bang → Sun → Earth → Moon → Volcanoes → Oceans → Living Cells"
🔬 题型 5:Give evidence 证据题
例题:Give evidence for the Big Bang.
怎么答 · 3 步:
给至少 2-3 条可观察证据
用 (i) (ii) (iii) 编号
3 大证据:red shift / CMB / H-He ratio
✅ 满分示范:"Evidence for the Big Bang includes: (i)red shift of distant galaxies, (ii) the cosmic microwave background, and (iii) the H/He ratio in the universe matches Big Bang model predictions."
📌 L2 章 3 个高分关键:
① 具体数字 + 单位(13.8 billion / 4.6 billion / 3.5 billion years ago)
② 因果链(because, then, this means…)
③ 专有名词(Big Bang / gravity / crust / lava / meteorite)