Physical Geography: Imagine a world without humans. What would it be like?
自然地理(Physical Geography):想象一个没有人类的世界,它会是什么样?
A world without humans would still have life. It would still change shape. Natural forces would still work like…
没有人类的世界仍然会有生命,地形仍然会改变,自然力量仍然会运作,比如……
Volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, floods.
火山、地震、海啸、风暴、洪水。
Rivers, oceans, glaciers.
河流、海洋、冰川。
Soil, water, air.
土壤、水、空气。
Plants, animals, vegetation.
植物、动物、植被。
📄 总结 · 三分支对比里的 Physical
Physical – Imagine a world without people: the world would still change and natural forces would still happen; such as volcanoes, tsunamis, rivers, plants, animals, soil, water etc.
The Earth is a very delicate, special place. All activities have an effect on our planet. Good and bad.
地球非常脆弱、特别。人类所有活动都会对地球产生影响——好的与坏的都有。
"坏"的一面(人类对自然的负面影响)
英文
中文
Pollution from power stations / cars
电厂 / 汽车排放污染
Household rubbish
家庭垃圾
Chemicals in ground and water
地下与水中的化学品
Sewage in the sea
排入海洋的污水
Intensive farming
集约化农业
Over hunting / poaching
过度捕猎 / 偷猎
Global warming
全球变暖
"好"的一面(人类对自然的正面影响)
英文
中文
Conservation
保育 / 生态保护
Animal welfare
动物福利
Walking / biking
步行 / 骑车(减少排放)
Recycling / reducing / re-using
回收 / 减少使用 / 再利用
Using renewable energy
使用可再生能源
你把一个空 PET 瓶(饮料瓶)扔进了"普通垃圾桶"——这个动作影响了哪些"坏"项目?
💡 至少 3 个:① household rubbish(增加家庭垃圾);② chemicals in ground(瓶子不会自然降解,PET 分解很慢);③ 间接影响 global warming(不回收意味着需要更多原料制造新瓶)。如果改扔进回收箱 → 立刻变成 "good" 的 recycling。
"风电场" 是 Human Geography(人造的)还是 Environmental Geography(对自然好)?
💡 两者都是。它的"存在与建造"是 Human Geography(creating energy 类别);它"代替煤电、减少碳排"的影响是 Environmental Geography(renewable energy)。一个事物可以同时属于 Human 和 Environmental,看你从"它是什么"还是"它带来什么影响"角度切入。
3. 我能区分 Physical / Human / Environmental——三个分支放在一起也不混
💡 PPT 关键句中英对照。
📄 课件 · Environmental Geography
Environmental Geography: The Earth is a very delicate, special place.
环境地理:地球是一个非常脆弱、特别的地方。
All activities have an effect on our planet. Good and bad.
所有活动都会对我们的星球产生影响,好的和坏的都有。
📄 课件 · 坏的一面 (Bad)
Pollution of power stations, cars, household rubbish, chemicals in the ground and water, sewage in the sea, waste, intensive farming, over hunting, poaching, global warming…
教材"Pollution damages ecosystems and biodiversity."(污染损害生态系统和生物多样性。)
延伸① fragile ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统 ② balance of an ecosystem 生态系统平衡 ③ restore an ecosystem 恢复生态系统
环境地理常用搭配:human activity → pollution → damaged ecosystem → loss of biodiversity。这条因果链是答题模板。
📝 学习内容
第一部分:7 大洲 + 5 大洋(必背)
🌍 7 大洲(按面积从大到小)
排名
英文
中文
记忆锚点
1
Asia
亚洲
最大、中国所在
2
Africa
非洲
有撒哈拉沙漠
3
North America
北美洲
美国、加拿大
4
South America
南美洲
巴西、亚马逊
5
Antarctica
南极洲
无人定居、最冷
6
Europe
欧洲
英国、法国、德国
7
Oceania
大洋洲
澳大利亚、新西兰
🌊 5 大洋(按面积从大到小)
排名
英文
中文
位置
1
Pacific
太平洋
亚洲与美洲之间
2
Atlantic
大西洋
美洲与欧洲/非洲之间
3
Indian
印度洋
非洲、亚洲、大洋洲之间
4
Southern
南冰洋
南极洲周围
5
Arctic
北冰洋
北极周围
📍 PPT 里点过位置的地标
Shanghai 上海 — Asia 亚洲,中国东部沿海,临 Pacific
Beijing 北京 — Asia 亚洲,中国北部
Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛峰 — Asia 亚洲,中国与尼泊尔交界,世界最高峰
Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠 — Africa 非洲北部,世界最大热沙漠
Pacific Ocean 太平洋 — Asia 与 Americas 之间,世界最大洋
Burj Khalifa 哈利法塔 — UAE Dubai 阿联酋迪拜,世界最高建筑(828m)
England 英国 — Europe 欧洲西部岛国
Antarctica 南极洲 — 南极洲本身,最冷大陆
South America 南美洲 — 西半球南部
Australia 澳大利亚 — Oceania 大洋洲,最大岛国
"Burj Khalifa 在亚洲" —— 对还是错?
💡 对。阿联酋(United Arab Emirates)在西亚(中东地区),所以哈利法塔在 Asia。地理上"中东(Middle East)"是亚洲的一部分,不是单独的洲。
第二部分:描述类总分总写作(120 词模板)
骨架(描述城市/地区类题目通用)
[总] 1 句话开篇:地点名 + 一个能让读者记住的整体印象 + 预告三个分支
[分 1] Physical 2–3 句:用 "Looking at its physical geography…" 开头 + 具体地标 + This means…
[分 2] Human 2–3 句:用 "For human geography…" 开头 + 人口数字 + 3 个并列动作
[分 3] Environment 2–3 句:用 "The environment also tells a story…" 开头 + 好+坏两面
[总] 1 句话结尾:回扣开头,把三个分支都收回来
📝 范文(Shanghai 上海,130 词)
Shanghai is a busy city in eastern China, ⓐwhere natural land and human life meet in interesting ways.
ⓑLooking at its physical geography, Shanghai sits on a flat plain near the ⓒYangtze River, with the Pacific Ocean nearby. ⓓThis means the land is good for building and the city has easy access to ships. For human geography, more than ⓔ24 million people live here. They ⓕtravel by metro, work in tall buildings, and grow food in the farms outside the city. The environment also tells a story: ⓖskyscrapers rise next to old shikumen houses, and the river is sometimes polluted by factories, ⓗbut new parks and green roofs are helping.
In every way, Shanghai shows how ⓘphysical land, human activity, and the environment shape one place together.
🔍 9 个标注点 —— 这篇好在哪里
ⓐ 开篇一句话给整体印象 + 预告后面要讲的内容。反例:"Shanghai is a city in China. It is very big." 所有城市都能套,没信息量。
Shanghai is a busy city in eastern China, where natural land and human life meet in interesting ways.
上海是中国东部的一座繁华城市,自然土地与人类生活在这里以有趣的方式相遇。
[Body 1 / Physical Geography]
[分 1 / 自然地理]
Looking at its physical geography, Shanghai sits on a flat plain near the Yangtze River, with the Pacific Ocean nearby.
从自然地理看,上海坐落在长江边的一片平原上,离太平洋很近。
This means the land is good for building and the city has easy access to ships.
这意味着这片土地适合建造,城市也方便通行船只。
[Body 2 / Human Geography]
[分 2 / 人文地理]
For human geography, more than 24 million people live here.
从人文地理看,这里住着超过 2400 万人。
They travel by metro, work in tall buildings, and grow food in the farms outside the city.
他们坐地铁出行、在高楼里上班、在城市外的农田里种粮食。
[Body 3 / Environmental Geography]
[分 3 / 环境地理]
The environment also tells a story: skyscrapers rise next to old shikumen houses, and the river is sometimes polluted by factories, but new parks and green roofs are helping.
环境也在讲故事:摩天楼紧挨着老石库门,河流有时被工厂污染,但新的公园和绿色屋顶正在帮忙。
[Conclusion / 总]
[结尾 / 总]
In every way, Shanghai shows how physical land, human activity, and the environment shape one place together.
无论从哪方面看,上海都展示了自然土地、人类活动与环境如何共同塑造一个地方。
📄 课件 · Map Madness Game(PPT 地点清单)
Mark on your map: Asia, Shanghai, The Pacific Ocean, Europe, England, Antarctica, The Sahara Desert, Beijing, South America, Australia, Mount Everest, the tallest building in the world.