高频 Myth vs Legend 区别（关键词：unknown authorship / historical basis）
高频 自然资源 6 种（特别是 obsidian 黑曜石 拼写）
高频 早期文明 Mycenae 拼写 + Crete 位置
易混 BC 是 "Before Christ" 公元前；时间越大越早（500 BC > 200 BC 早）
易混 Mt. Olympus（希腊山）≠ Olympia（奥运起源地，下一章学）
🧭 前置回顾
本章是 History Sem 2 第一章。需要的前置：
L1 地理三分支：本章会混用 Physical（希腊地形）和 Human（早期定居）地理
L3 地质年代：古希腊在 Cenozoic Era / Quaternary Period / Holocene Epoch
L4 人类迁徙：希腊人来自 Out of Africa → 中东 → 欧洲分支
L6 Sense of Place：古希腊人对自己的"地方感"（海洋 + 山脉 + 神圣 Mt. Olympus）
📖 教材跟读 · 笔记 / 双语对照
📝 学习内容
核心理解：古希腊存在了 1800 年，巅峰在中间 100 年
📅 时间线
"The civilisation of ancient Greece lasted from 2000 BC to 200 BC. The peak was 500 BC to 400 BC, a time called the Classical Period."
古希腊文明从公元前 2000 年延续到公元前 200 年。巅峰是公元前 500-400 年，这个时期称为Classical Period（古典时期）。
"A traditional story of unknown authorship, ostensibly with a historical basis, but serving usually to explain some phenomenon of nature, the origin of man, or the customs, institutions, religious rites, etc. of a people: myths usually involve the exploits of gods and heroes."
神话是传统故事，作者未知，看似有历史依据，但通常用来解释自然现象、人的起源、习俗、制度、宗教仪式等。神话通常涉及神和英雄的事迹。
📖 Legend 传奇 定义（L9 PPT 第 3 页）
"A story handed down for generations among a people and popularly believed to have a historical basis, although not verifiable; a notable person whose deeds or exploits are much talked about in his or her own time."
传奇是几代人之间流传的故事，人们普遍相信它有历史依据，虽然无法证实；或一个著名人物，他/她的事迹在自己时代被广泛讨论。
A traditional story of unknown authorship, ostensibly with a historical basis.
一个作者未知的传统故事，表面上有历史依据。
Serving usually to explain some phenomenon of nature, the origin of man, or the customs, institutions, religious rites, etc. of a people.
通常用来解释自然现象、人的起源、或一个民族的习俗、制度、宗教仪式等。
Myths usually involve the exploits of gods and heroes.
神话通常涉及神和英雄的事迹。
Etymology: from Latin mythos, from Greek mythos — a word, speech, story, legend.
词源：来自拉丁语 mythos，源自希腊语 mythos——意为"词、讲话、故事、传说"。
📄 课件 · What is a legend?（PPT 第 3 页）
A story handed down for generations among a people and popularly believed to have a historical basis, although not verifiable.
一个在一个民族中世代相传的故事，人们普遍相信它有历史依据，但无法证实。
A notable person whose deeds or exploits are much talked about in his or her own time.
一个著名人物，他/她的事迹在自己时代被广泛讨论。
Example: "famous in Irish legend"
例子："在爱尔兰传奇中著名"
💡 G1d 核心英文术语 · myth vs legend 区别是本章必考点。
⭐ 核心对比：Myth vs Legend
myth/mɪθ/n.神话
词源希腊语 μῦθος (mythos) = "讲述、故事、寓言"，对应拉丁 mythos
教材"A traditional story of unknown authorship, ostensibly with a historical basis, serving usually to explain some phenomenon of nature."（作者未知的传统故事，通常用来解释自然现象）
延伸① Greek myth 希腊神话 ② It's a myth that... "...只是个传言"（口语：错误的常见想法）③ mythical creature 神话生物
Long ago, in Ancient Greece, there was a boy named Theron who could speak with the wind. He lived in a small village near Mt. Olympus.
One day, an angry storm spirit, Aero, was destroying the village to punish people for cutting too many olive trees. Theron decided to stop Aero, even though everyone said it was impossible.
At the foot of Mt. Olympus, Theron met Athena, the goddess of wisdom, who gave him a silver flute. "When you play," she said, "the wind will listen."
Theron climbed to find Aero. The storm spirit was a huge bull made of clouds. Theron played the flute. Aero hesitated. Theron played the song of the olive trees, and Aero remembered why he had become a storm. The spirit changed back into a gentle breeze.
From that day, every olive tree in Greece sings softly when the wind blows. This is why olive groves whisper.
You have been given information about SIX famous Greek myths.
你已经获得了 6 个著名希腊神话的资料。
In the table you have been given, fill in the boxes on the following areas:
在你拿到的表格里，填写下面这些方面：
① Name of the Myth ② Who are the main characters? What characteristics can you write about them? ③ What are the main events (at least FIVE bullet points) ④ Is this myth similar to any of the others you have read about? Why/how? ⑤ Words or phrases to research.
① 神话的名字 ② 主要角色是谁？你能写出他们什么特征？ ③ 主要事件是什么（至少 5 条要点）④ 这个神话和其他你读过的相似吗？为什么/怎么相似？ ⑤ 需要查的词或短语。
📄 课件 · Task 2 Create your own myth（PPT 第 5 页）
You are going to write your own Greek myth.
你将写自己的希腊神话。
Your myth MUST incorporate the card that you are given.
你的神话必须融入你拿到的那张卡的元素。
Each of the cards relates to a different aspect of a Greek Myth:
每张卡对应希腊神话的一个不同方面：
① The 'make up' of the beast which the hero fights. ② Hero's special power. ③ Who helps the hero. ④ The challenge the hero is set. ⑤ The special weapon the hero has. ⑥ Who tries to defeat/kill the hero.
① 英雄要打的野兽"由什么构成" ② 英雄的特殊能力 ③ 谁帮助英雄 ④ 英雄被设置的挑战 ⑤ 英雄拥有的特殊武器 ⑥ 谁想打败/杀死英雄。
💡 G1e 写自己的神话 · 写作要素核心英文术语。
📖 故事结构词
narrative/ˈnærətɪv/n./adj.叙事、故事
词源拉丁 narrare（讲述）= "讲故事的过程或文本"
教材写神话要有 narrative——有开头、中间、结尾的连贯叙事
延伸① narrative structure 叙事结构 ② first-person narrative 第一人称叙事 ③ narrator 叙述者
包含 3 个关键词：traditional story + unknown authorship + gods and heroes
用 PPT 原话最稳
满分示范："A myth is a traditional story of unknown authorship that usually explains a natural phenomenon and involves gods and heroes."
🗺️ 题型 2：Describe 描述题（地理）
例题：Describe the geography of Ancient Greece.
怎么答 · 3 步：
列 PPT 给的 3 个特征：mountains / few rivers / little rainfall
加 1 个补充：long coastline（海岸长）
说影响："This forced the Greeks to rely on the sea…"
满分示范："Ancient Greece is small and rugged with many mountains, few rivers, and little rainfall. This forced the Greeks to rely on the sea for fishing, trade, and colonization."
⚖️ 题型 3：Compare 对比题（myth vs legend）
例题：Compare myth and legend.
怎么答 · 3 步：
先说相同："Both are traditional stories."
再说不同，用 "However... whereas..."
对比维度：authorship（作者）/ purpose（目的）/ 真实性
满分示范："Both myths and legends are traditional stories. However, myths usually explain natural phenomena and involve gods and heroes, whereas legends are about notable people and may have a historical basis."
❓ 题型 4：Explain why 解释题
例题：Why did the Greeks become a sea-based civilisation?
怎么答 · 3 步：
开头用 "because"
给至少2 个原因（地理推不出农业 + 海岸长能贸易）
用具体词：harbour, fishing, trade, colonization
满分示范："The Greeks became sea-based because their land had too many mountains and too little rainfall for large-scale farming. However, their long coastline with natural harbours gave them access to fishing, trade, and colonization."
📖 题型 5：Tell 讲故事题（神话）
例题：Tell the story of Pandora's Box in 3 sentences.
怎么答 · 3 步：
第 1 句：开头（Pandora 是谁 + 得到盒子）
第 2 句：转折（她打开了盒子 → 灾难跑出来）
第 3 句：结尾 + 意义（Hope 留下；解释为什么人有苦难也有希望）
满分示范："Pandora was the first woman, and Zeus gave her a sealed box with a warning never to open it. Curious, she opened it, releasing all suffering, disease, and sorrow into the world. But Hope remained inside — which is why humans can suffer and still hope."
📌 G1 章 3 个高分关键：
① 具体年份（2000 BC / Classical Period 500–400 BC）
② 地名英文不能拼错（Mycenae / Crete / Mt. Olympus / Aegean）
③ 神话名字（Pandora / Hercules / Theseus / Icarus / Persephone / Orpheus）